Health

Silent Heart Conditions in Teenagers: Understanding Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Expert insight by Dr. Rahul Chaudhary, Head of Cardiology and Consultant Interventional Cardiologist at International Modern Hospital Dubai

Sudden cardiac arrest in teenagers is a rare but devastating event that often shocks families and communities because it can strike young people who appear healthy, active, and symptom-free. Unlike adults, where heart disease is frequently linked to lifestyle factors and blocked arteries, cardiac emergencies in the young are usually driven by hidden electrical or structural problems of the heart that may go undetected for years.

Why can sudden cardiac arrest occur in seemingly healthy teenagers?
In most young people, sudden cardiac arrest is not caused by a heart attack. Instead, it results from an abrupt electrical malfunction that prevents the heart from pumping blood effectively. These electrical disturbances can arise from inherited rhythm disorders or subtle structural abnormalities. Because many of these conditions do not produce early symptoms, a teenager may look fit, perform well in sports, and have no prior diagnosis—until a sudden collapse occurs, sometimes during exercise, emotional stress, or even sleep.

Heart attack versus sudden cardiac arrest in the young
It is important to distinguish between these two terms. A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, typically due to cholesterol buildup in the arteries—an event that is extremely uncommon in teenagers. Sudden cardiac arrest, by contrast, is an electrical failure of the heart. In young people, cardiac arrest is far more likely than a heart attack, although both remain rare in this age group.

How common are such cases in the UAE?
In the UAE, sudden cardiac events among children and teenagers are thankfully uncommon. However, they do occur, particularly during organized sports or intense physical exertion. Increased awareness, better emergency preparedness, and the growing use of cardiac screening in schools and sports academies have improved detection and response. Even so, these incidents have a profound emotional impact, underscoring the importance of vigilance and readiness.

Underlying conditions that may remain undiagnosed
Several silent conditions are known to increase the risk of sudden cardiac arrest in the young. These include hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, where the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick; inherited electrical disorders such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome; and congenital abnormalities of the coronary arteries. Many of these conditions can exist quietly for years without noticeable warning signs.

Can genetic or congenital heart conditions remain silent?
Yes. This is one of the most challenging aspects of sudden cardiac arrest in teenagers. Some genetic or congenital heart disorders may not cause symptoms during childhood or adolescence. In tragic cases, the first collapse can be the first indication that a problem exists. This reality makes family history and targeted screening critically important.

Warning signs parents should never ignore
Parents and caregivers should be alert to symptoms such as unexplained fainting or collapse—especially during exercise—chest pain on exertion, sudden breathlessness, unexplained seizures, or extreme fatigue that seems disproportionate to activity. A family history of sudden unexplained death, particularly at a young age, should always prompt medical evaluation.

When should cardiac screening be considered?
Screening is advisable for teenagers involved in competitive sports, those who experience concerning symptoms, or those with a family history of heart disease or sudden death. In many cases, a basic assessment—including a clinical examination, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram—can help identify high-risk conditions and may be lifesaving.

What saves lives when cardiac arrest occurs?
Immediate action is crucial. Calling the UAE emergency number, 998, without delay ensures rapid professional response. While waiting for emergency services, prompt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and early use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) can dramatically improve survival. This is why the presence of AEDs and trained personnel in schools, sports facilities, and public venues is so important. From a public health perspective, integrating basic CPR training into school curricula can empower young people with life-saving skills.

A message for parents and communities
While sudden cardiac arrest in teenagers is rare, it serves as a powerful reminder that serious heart conditions can exist silently. Awareness—not fear—is the key. Listening to symptoms, respecting family history, seeking timely medical advice, and ensuring communities are trained and equipped to respond can make the difference between tragedy and survival.

Health

Safe Blood Donation Before, During, and After Ramadan – Medical Guidelines by Dr. Ganesh Dhanuka

By Dr. Ganesh Dhanuka
Specialist Internal Medicine and Nephrology
International Modern Hospital

Blood donation remains one of the most impactful humanitarian acts, capable of saving multiple lives with a single unit of blood. However, during the holy month of Ramadan, many individuals question whether it is safe to donate while fasting and how to properly prepare for donation.

From a medical standpoint, blood donation is generally safe for healthy individuals. Nevertheless, appropriate preparation — especially in the context of fasting — is essential to minimize risks such as dizziness, dehydration, or hypotension.

This article outlines evidence-based recommendations for blood donation before, during, and after Ramadan, along with its physiological, psychological, and societal benefits.

Preparing for Blood Donation Before Ramadan

Proper preparation significantly reduces the risk of adverse effects during donation. Individuals planning to donate should:

Nutritional Preparation

Consume a balanced meal rich in iron and protein approximately 2–3 hours before donating. Iron-rich foods such as lean red meat, spinach, lentils, beans, and fortified cereals help maintain adequate hemoglobin levels. Protein supports plasma volume and recovery.

Avoid donating on an empty stomach, as this increases the likelihood of lightheadedness and vasovagal reactions.

Hydration Status

Adequate hydration is critical. Donors should:

Increase water intake the day before donation.
Drink extra fluids on the day of donation.

Proper hydration helps maintain blood pressure and reduces the risk of fainting.

Sleep and Lifestyle Factors

Ensure 6–8 hours of quality sleep the night before.
Avoid alcohol for at least 24 hours prior to donation.
Refrain from strenuous physical activity before donation.

Medical Disclosure

Bring valid identification and honestly disclose:

Any chronic medical conditions.
Current medications.
Recent illnesses or procedures.

Transparency ensures donor safety and protects recipients.

What to Expect During Blood Donation

The blood donation process is generally straightforward and takes about 10–15 minutes for the actual collection.

During donation:

Stay calm and breathe normally.
Avoid sudden movements.
Inform medical staff immediately if you experience dizziness, nausea, sweating, blurred vision, or weakness.
Follow all staff instructions carefully.

Most temporary reactions, when they occur, are mild and resolve quickly with rest and hydration.

Post-Donation Care and Recovery

The post-donation period is crucial for safe recovery.

Immediate Aftercare

Rest at the donation center for 10–15 minutes.
Accept fluids and light refreshments provided.
Avoid standing up abruptly.

The Next 24 Hours

Increase fluid intake significantly.
Consume iron-rich foods to replenish red blood cell production.
Avoid heavy lifting for 24 hours.
Avoid strenuous exercise on the same day.
Avoid alcohol for several hours after donation.

If dizziness occurs, lie down and elevate your legs until symptoms resolve.

Food

Foods That Look Healthy for Weight Loss (But Actually Aren’t)

By Dr. Yara Husein (Food and Nutrition Expert)

Companies often use specific buzzwords on food labels to market products as healthy and weight-loss friendly options. In reality, these options can sometimes have the opposite effect. Here are some common foods and drinks that might be holding you back:

Fat-free dairy products

Many think that fat-free dairy products are ideal for dieting and do not contribute to weight gain. However, in truth, these products can cause weight gain because fat-free products are less satiating than their full-fat counterparts; fat is a nutrient that supports feelings of fullness and makes food more enjoyable. Furthermore, food manufacturers often replace fat with sugar in low-fat and fat-free products to compensate for the lost flavour. Beyond that, skimmed dairy products provide the body with fewer nutrients than full-fat products, because vitamins such as A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins that require fat to enter the body, be absorbed, and be utilized.

Gluten-free foods

While it is essential for people with gluten-related disorders to avoid gluten, gluten-free foods are not necessarily healthier than foods containing gluten. Some processed gluten-free foods and desserts contain the same amount of calories and added sugar—if not more—as other snacks. Studies, including a study published in the journal PeerJ, indicate that gluten-free snack foods tend to be lower in protein, fiber, and certain vitamins and minerals compared to their gluten-containing counterparts. They are also generally more expensive.

Breakfast cereals

Many people think that breakfast cereals are an ideal and healthy breakfast to start their day, but in reality, many cereals are made from refined grains that lack nutrients like protein and fiber, and they can contain a high percentage of added sugar. For example, Honey Nut Cheerios, which are marketed as heart-healthy, contain 12 grams of added sugar per cup. Eating large quantities of these and other cereals high in added sugar may lead to an increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, and weight gain.

Energy and sports drinks

Companies market sports and energy drinks as ways to boost energy and athletic performance, but these drinks can contain a massive amount of sugar. Consequently, they can contribute to weight gain for people who consume them without performing intense physical exercise. For instance, a popular energy drink like Monster (473 ml) contains 54 grams of added sugar—a quantity much higher than the amount recommended by the American Heart Association (25g for women and 36g for men). Research, including a study published in the journal Pediatric Obesity, has linked the consumption of sweetened beverages to health problems, including high blood pressure, fatty liver, and obesity in children and adolescents.

Diet soda

When following a diet, many people may turn to sugar-free or calorie-free drinks, thinking they contribute to weight loss. However, studies indicate that diet soda may contribute to certain health problems by altering brain responses to food and increasing the desire to eat high-calorie foods such as sweets and fast food. A study published in the journal Nutrients linked the consumption of these drinks to a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, which is a group of symptoms that include increased belly fat, blood sugar, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels.

Health

Excessive Screen Time in Children: Digital Eye Strain, Myopia Risk, and Long-Term Vision Health

By Dr. Tahere Rezaei
Ophthalmologist
International Modern Hospital Dubai

In today’s digital era, children are spending unprecedented hours on tablets, smartphones, and social media platforms. From a clinical perspective, the impact of excessive screen exposure on pediatric eye health is becoming increasingly evident.

Ophthalmology clinics are witnessing a clear rise in complaints linked directly to prolonged device use. Children often hold screens very close to their eyes and remain intensely focused for extended periods without taking breaks. This sustained near work places continuous strain on the visual system, particularly on the eye muscles responsible for focusing.

The most immediate and common consequence is digital eye strain. Symptoms typically include:

Headaches
Eye fatigue
Blurred vision
Burning sensation
Dryness due to reduced blinking

When children concentrate on screens, their blink rate significantly decreases. Reduced blinking leads to tear film instability, which contributes to dryness and irritation. Over time, persistent strain can affect visual comfort and academic performance.

Rising Concern: Childhood Myopia

Beyond temporary discomfort, there is a more serious long-term concern — the increasing prevalence of childhood myopia (short-sightedness).

Extended near work combined with limited outdoor exposure has been strongly associated with faster progression of myopia. Natural daylight and distance viewing play a protective role in visual development. When children spend most of their time indoors focusing on close objects, the eye adapts by elongating, leading to blurred distance vision.

Early-onset myopia is not simply about needing glasses. Higher degrees of myopia later in life increase the risk of:

Retinal detachment
Glaucoma
Myopic macular degeneration
Early cataracts

Preventing rapid myopia progression during childhood is therefore critical for long-term ocular health.

Screen Use and Sleep Disruption

Another clinically observed issue is the effect of screen exposure before bedtime. Blue light emitted from digital devices can suppress melatonin production, disrupting the natural sleep cycle. Poor sleep quality affects not only overall health but also visual comfort, concentration, and cognitive performance.

Children who use screens late at night frequently report:

Difficulty falling asleep
Morning eye discomfort
Increased fatigue during the day

Sleep plays a vital role in ocular surface recovery and overall neurological health.

Supporting Healthy Visual Development

For optimal eye development, children require balanced visual habits. Key preventive measures include:

Limiting continuous screen time
Encouraging daily outdoor activity
Maintaining proper room lighting
Ensuring appropriate screen distance
Practicing scheduled visual breaks (such as the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds)

Parents play a crucial role in modeling healthy screen behavior and establishing structured digital routines.

As Dr. Tahere Rezaei emphasizes, eye health in childhood directly influences long-term vision outcomes. Early awareness, prevention, and regular eye examinations are essential to protect children from avoidable visual complications in adulthood.

Healthy eyes today mean clearer vision for life.